Confirmed 13 Nov 2026 · Science A one-minute read

Google's agents machine-checked proofs of 6 hard problems, then opened the tool to 10,000 researchers.

Google Research published results from Antigravity's /teamwork agents on November 13, including 1.8 million lines of Lean for the Weil conjectures. Caveat: most results formalize existing proofs rather than prove new theorems.

Until now

AI helps mathematicians draft and check parts of their proofs.

Now

Agent teams run whole formalizations end to end, and find human errors.

Why it matters

Formal verification was the bottleneck in mathematics: one hard proof took a human team years to machine-check. Google says one system produced 1.8 million lines of Lean with no human in the loop, and fixed a gap in a recent informal proof. The 10,000 free seats turn a demonstration into a dependency.

Established

  • The post claims 1.8 million Lean lines for the Weil conjectures, autonomously produced.
  • Authors of 578 STOC 2027 submissions, over a third, opted into Deep Review.
  • Google is giving 10,000 academic researchers 6 months of top-tier access.

Not established

  • Independent verification. No outside group has rerun these formalizations yet.
  • New mathematics. Most results formalize proofs humans had already written.
  • Cost. The post gives no compute figure for any of the runs.
The five-minute readThe record, the timeline, the weight and 4 sources

The record

Verified: the post was read directly at research.google, and every number and quotation here comes from it. That establishes publication, not reproduction. No outside group has rerun the formalizations, and the Lean files were not located. The dated event that would move it: an independent recheck by June 30, 2027.

Vahab Mirrokni, Google Fellow and Vice President at Google Research, published "Advancing science and engineering with Antigravity's /teamwork" on research.google on November 13, 2026. The post reports results from /teamwork, a multi-agent feature in Antigravity, run with human experts across mathematics, chemistry, systems software and machine learning engineering. On the Courtade-Kumar conjecture, an information theory problem posed in 2013, it says Gemini 4 Argon and earlier Gemini models developed most of the new analytical bounds, and that "the team formalized the entire proof in Lean 4, producing 50 million lines of code." On the Weil conjectures it says /teamwork-LEAP fully autonomously produced an end-to-end machine-checked formalization: "This formalization spans about 1.8 million lines of Lean, produced across 28,800 subagent invocations." On Hilbert's tenth problem, "the system also synthesized over 919,000 lines of Lean to produce the first formalization" of a recent proof over general rings of integers. It reports the first formalization of the Birkhoff conjecture, a dynamical systems problem open since 1927, and of the 3D Bochner-Riesz conjecture, open more than 50 years, "finding and fixing a gap in a recently released informal proof along the way." It reports an independent reproduction of an end-to-end formalization of a recent proof of finite-time blowup for 3D Navier-Stokes with smooth forcing, which it describes as open for about 90 years. Further results are named on Tarjan's Deque Conjecture, Boolean matrix multiplication and integer multiplication. On peer review, "authors of 578 submissions (over a third of all submissions)" to STOC 2027 opted in to Deep Review; in an ongoing survey of 70 respondents, 90% rated the feedback mostly or almost all factual and 90% said they would use it again. Gemini 4 Argon is named as the main model, with Carbon and Hydrogen in the introduction. On access: /teamwork, /boost and Deep Review are available to external users now, Deep Review gives 2 free calls per user each week, and the team is "giving 10,000 academic researchers six months of free access to our highest usage tier" by application. Not established: compute cost, wall-clock time, how many of the 10,000 places get filled, eligibility, and whether anyone outside has rerun the work.

How it got here

  1. 1927 TO 2013

    The Birkhoff conjecture is posed in 1927, Bochner-Riesz in the 1970s, Courtade-Kumar in 2013. All stay open. Machine-checking a single hard proof takes a human team years.

  2. Nov 11

    Google releases a DNA model that reads genes cell by cell, free for research. Edition 087's science card.

  3. Nov 12

    Google releases Gemini 4 Hydrogen for coding and agent workflows. Edition 090's card. Antigravity is where those agents run.

  4. Nov 13

    Google Research publishes the /teamwork results: 6 named problems, 1.8 million Lean lines on the Weil conjectures alone, a gap found in a recent informal proof, and 10,000 free academic seats.

  5. Nov 13

    The same day a Helsinki logician tells the Guardian that Claude turned 1,009 pages of Godel's shorthand into 663 theorem candidates, about 400 of which checked out. Two laboratories, one week, formal mathematics.

Who has to react

Lean's maintainers, whose checker is now the gate on agent output; the 578 STOC 2027 authors who opted in to machine review; journal and conference referees; Anthropic, whose model did the Godel work the same week; and the 10,000 academics who will apply.

What to watch

  • Would strengthen itAn outside group rechecks the Weil or Hilbert formalization and confirms it, or a second laboratory reports an autonomous end-to-end formalization of a comparable open problem, by June 30, 2027.
  • Would weaken itA substantive error is found in one of the 6 named formalizations, or Google withdraws or materially corrects the post, by March 31, 2027.
  • Would strengthen itA journal or a major conference adopts machine-checked submission or machine-assisted review as stated policy, by December 31, 2027.

Why it weighs this much

Signal strength
CostHigh
CommitmentHigh
ReversibilityModerate
PersistenceYears

Cost is high. The post's own numbers imply very large compute: 28,800 subagent invocations for one formalization, 50 million lines of Lean for another, and 10,000 researchers on the highest usage tier for 6 months, given away rather than sold. Commitment is high: a named Google Fellow and Vice President published the claims under his own byline, with the access offer live. Reversibility is moderate. The seats run out in 6 months and the programme can quietly end, but published formalizations stay checkable forever. Persistence is years: formal proofs do not decay, and the review experiment has already drawn a third of a conference's authors.

The words

Lean 4
A proof checker. You write a proof in its language and the software either accepts every step or rejects it, which is why a machine-checked proof cannot be bluffed.
Formalization
Rewriting a human proof in a checker's language. It usually takes far longer than the original proof, which is why most published mathematics is never formalized.
Subagent invocation
One call to a model acting as a worker inside a larger agent run. 28,800 of them means the job was split into that many small pieces.
Weil conjectures
Four statements tying the counting of equation solutions to geometry, posed in 1949 and proved by 1974. The proofs are long and hard, which makes them a stress test.

Sources

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